The American Intelligence Community Essay - 955 Words

The origins of covert action in America’s intelligence activities go far beyond WWI. The Founding Fathers were the first ones in introducing intelligence concepts and intelligence activities during America’s revolution. Benjamin Franklin is known as a big contributor in the processes and use of intelligence activities. He became known as a master of covert action (Central Intelligence Agency 2009). Franklin initiated his covert action skills when he was named Ambassador to France. Thanks to his charming and friendly behavior he was able to use his diplomatic position to gain access into high levels of the French government. Benjamin Franklin managed his convincing skills to persuade them (the French) to become allies of the American†¦show more content†¦As for the United States of America, two important events changed the path of the American people; the premeditated Japanese attack against Pearl Harbor and the entrance of the United States into the international conflict that began WWII and with that a full activation of intelligence activities directed against American enemies. The use of clandestine operations and covert actions were a very important tool or â€Å"weapon† used to attack and to prevent attacks from enemies against American military interest. 1936 marked the beginning of a new establishment for the American intelligence community that opened new ways and incremented the potentiality of the use of intelligence operations in international and domestic conflicts. The use of intelligence became an essential activity used in many occasions by the American government against its own citizens who advocated changes in the political system of the country. WWII and then the beginning of the Cold War rushed American citizens to re-think about the democratic system in which they believe deeply. According to a final report of intelligence activities and the rights of Americans, book II by the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations (April 14th, 1976), there are three Periods of Growth for Domestic Intelligence: (a) the pre-war -and World War IIShow MoreRelatedContemporary Ethics933 Words   |  4 PagesTerrorism and US Intelligence The United States Intelligence Community has had to change the way they run in order to prevent a future terrorist attacks like the one on the fateful day of September 11th 2001, when our nations security was severely attacked. To be able to understand more clearly the challenges of our intelligence agencies having stronger capabilities, it is important to note that many of today’s issues are well grounded in the past and we can find many examples of this in historyRead MoreThe United States Should Not Be A Complete Failure1358 Words   |  6 Pages The United States have been sending numerous military units to different parts of the world to sustain survivability of other nations that are American allies. Countries that are part of United Nations have been combined force that if there is a situation around the world, all the nations including the United States will meet up and decide what the corrective action to resolve the issue is. The United States military has been in so many conflicts with other countries that to the point that manyRead MoreHistory Of Intelligence During The United States1137 Words   |  5 Pages History of Intelligence in the United States The history of intelligence in the United States resulted from the Cold War period and also provided intelligence support to the United States military which helped develop policies and procedures of the United States toward other countries. The development of intelligence in the United States has ultimately provided higher security for our citizens. President George Washington took command over the Continental Army in 1775; he had agents devise secreteRead MorePros And Cons Of The Patriot Act1354 Words   |  6 Pagesintrusive police state which they believe is inevitable given the government’s new powers. They consider the Act an assault on civil liberties and an invasion of the privacy of innocent American citizens. Yet the real issue is not that the government now has new powers, it’s that the American people do not trust our intelligence agencies to handle these new powers properly while still respecting their rights. The main criticisms of the Patriot Act are its â€Å"Sneak and Peek† provision and Section 215 whichRead MoreCultural Perceptions of Intelligence in Japanese and American Indian Societies1300 Words   |  6 Pagesfind an appropriate method in evaluating intelligence. The Stanford-Binet intelligence test is one of pioneering tests created to measure facets of intelligence, and it is still being utilized today (Anastasi Urbina, 1997). Weschler created several intelligence tests focusing on age range in relation to intelligence (Anastasi Urbina, 1997). While these tests are staples in the psychological testing community, there are many criticisms of intelligence testing. One such criticism is the absenceRead MoreIntelligence Of Mexican-American And Mexican Students.1102 Words   |  5 PagesIntelligence of Mexican-American and Mexican Students At Laredo Community College where we have both Mexican-American and Mexican students which we see the difference of intelligence. Those students show the difference of their abilities regarding the Texas Success Initiative which have different rates of passing. The intelligence capabilities of both Mexican-American and Mexican students are different in three levels and the methodology of testing. Mexican Students The Mexican culture isRead MoreCia Research Paper1266 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween the intelligence-gatherer and the policy-maker. Since the 1970s the CIA has provided intelligence to Congress as well as to the executive, so that it now finds itself in a remarkable position, involuntarily poised nearly equidistant between them. It has not however abused this freedom of action, probably unique among world intelligence agencies, so as to cook intelligence. CIA deputy director. Robert M. Gates, a career intelligence officer, is Deputy Director of Central Intelligence. He servedRead MoreThe Intelligence Community : Congress And The Administration1062 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"My personal view is that the intelligence community is bamboozling Congress and the administration†¦You can have both (civil liberties and national security),† says Binney. He estimates that the data from â€Å"99.99% of all (domestic) communications† is useless to the NSA and should be erased. â€Å"There’s no probable cause or any indication that the data that they’re collecting on the vast majority of U.S. citizens is in any way related to terrorism,† says Binney. The message from these whistleblowersRead MoreUnderstanding The Director Of National Intelligence1476 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) priorities are necessary to recommend any initiatives that will have the most value to the intelligence community (IC). The DNI fully identifies to the IC what his mission, vision, and goals are. The DNI uses the National Intelligence Strategy (NIS) to explain the objectives and the priorities for the IC. There are a few areas, which if made a priority would have a beneficial impact on the IC. These recommendations would not require a lotRead MoreThe United States Code ( U.s. )1677 Words   |  7 Pagesdiplomacy efforts, and national defense† (American Security Project, 2012). However, the National Security Act of 1947 was the first U.S. law on the conduct of intelligence operations. The act established the Central Intelligence Agency â€Å"to collect, analyze, evaluate, and disseminate foreign in telligence to assist the President and senior US government policymakers in making decisions relating to national security† (Central Intelligence Agency (2013). This intelligence law help to define the roles of policymakers

Scapegoats In The Scarlet Letter And The Awakening

Scapegoats in The Scarlet Letter and The Awakening The act of blaming others for problems is a common phenomena that occurs not only in our society, but also in literature. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Pearl Prynne represents the scapegoat. Throughout the novel, the townspeople put the blame of Hester Prynne s sin on Pearl and Hester grows as a person. Pearl gives Hester a daily reminder of her sin and Hester grows to becomes a happier, better person in response. In addition, another example of a scapegoat is Leonce Pontellier and the children, from Kate Chopin’s The Awakening. Edna Pontellier blames her husband and children for holding her back from reaching happiness and independence. All things considered, the†¦show more content†¦Overall, the archetype of a scapegoat, in literature or history, exemplifies an important role. The scapegoat is a character that has an important tie to the problem the protagonist. In other words, the scapegoat isn’t a random person, and one of the biggest scapegoats in literature was Tom Robinson. Although Tom wasn’t blood related to the Finch’s, Atticus was representing Tom in trial, which is the relation to the protagonist in this novel. As shown above, a scapegoat is a valuable person in literature, as well as real life. They provide a connection to the protagonist that is not like any other character. All in all, the archetype of a scapegoat is imperative in literature and the world, and continues to impact our society everyday. The archetype of a scapegoat is represented by Pearl Prynne in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. In the novel, the townspeople view Pearl as a personification of Hester Prynne s sin, and they do not treat her fairly because they only see her as the result of a horrible crime. And although Hester doesn’t see Pearl in this light for the most part, there is a time in which her view on her daughter changes. The village blames Pearl because they need to find someone to blame it on, which illustrates the role of a scapegoat in a novel. A scapegoat is an innocent character in which a problem is blamed on. In this case, the puritans put responsibility on Pearl because they can not blame Hester anymore. She isShow MoreRelatedVampire Diaries61771 Words   |  248 Pages/* /*]]*/ THE AWAKENING Vampire Diaries Volume 1 By Lisa J. Smith Contents Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter ThreeChapter Four Chapter FiveChapter Six Chapter Seven Chapter Eight Chapter NineChapter Ten Chapter ElevenChapter Twelve Chapter ThirteenChapter Fourteen Chapter FifteenChapter Sixteen Are you having a good time? Elena asked. I am now. Stefan didnt say it, but Elena knew it was what he was thinking. She could see it in the way he stared at her. She had never been so sure of

The Industrial Advances Of Europe During The Nineteenth...

At the start of the twentieth century, Europe was emerged in a crisis. Britain and France were almost at war and tensions between the Western nations were rising (Civilizations 541). Despite these negativities, Europe was advancing in new technologies making manufacturing goods easier and more efficient. Along with technological and industrial advances came wars, movements, and idealism. Europe suffered greatly between 1870-1920, but also made revolutionary advances. Following this further, some industrial advances that occurred took place in the steel, electricity, and chemical industries. Before the steel industry boom, to make steel people used the cementation process. The cementation process took days and was expensive. Henry Bessemer created an efficient and more effective way to produce steel with his invented of the Bessemer Process. In the 1880 s electricity was made available for commercial and domestic use (Civilizations 548). Electricity powered different ways of transport ation and helped to produce new chemical advances. The chemical advances helped in more ways than one. It produced textiles and soap since more people were concerned with their hygiene. In addition to the industrial advances came technological advances. Nikolaus August Otto invented the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine in 1876. He called it the Otto Cycle Engine and proceeded to put it into a motorcycle (Bellis). To compete with the combustion engine, Rudolf DieselShow MoreRelated The European Expansion and its Effects on the World Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagestechnological advances, which in turn stimulated, and were stimulated by science.† (p. 403) The European scientific revolution was fueled by the blending of â€Å"liberal† and â€Å"servile† arts, in other words, science and technology. Because of the European expansion taking place throughout the world, new commerce and industries were advancing, creating the need for new technolog y and science. The theories and inventions that Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton provided were the fist major advances during the scientificRead MoreThe Industrial Revolutions Influence on European Society1389 Words   |  6 PagesIn the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the Industrial Revolution in Europe had a significant influence on society. There were many changes in social classes and equality. The rise of the middle class had a momentous effect on the population of Europe and was a catalyst for many changes in the social makeup of the region. The influence of technology and electricity changed many aspects of social interaction and created a new class system. The migration of workers and the separation ofRead MoreThe Decline Of Slavery During The Nineteenth Century962 Words   |  4 PagesFor roughly two centuries, millions of Africans were transported against their will to the New World to work in excruciating labor and withstand harsh conditions. Inhuman Traffi ck exceeds at indicating the revolutionary effects that would follow the end of slave trade on European countries. In order to understand this concept, it is crucial to note the changes European society went through during the abolitionist movements and the ending of slavery. Industrialization also attributes to the many ofRead MoreChanges Europe Experienced During The Industrial Revolution1620 Words   |  7 PagesChanges Europe experienced during the Industrial Revolution o The Industrial Revolution of the late eighteenth and middle nineteenth was progressive on the grounds that it modified, revolutionized the productive capacity of England, Europe and United States. In any case, the upheaval was something more than just new machines, smoke-burping processing plants, expanded efficiency and an expanded way of life. It was an upheaval which changed English, European, and American culture down to its extremelyRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of The Gilded Age1035 Words   |  5 Pagesend of the nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century many economic changes occurred, from booms to busts, but all effected minorities less favorably. At the end of the nineteenth century began an era of industrialization that created an economic upturn called the gilded age. Hallmarks of this age were technological advances, banking innovations, and wealth concentrations. Railroad construction, advances in steel production, and electrical innovation drove industrial and economicRead MoreMinstrel Shows and Theater856 Words   |  3 PagesThe 19th century was a time period full of disagreements and wishful thinking. During this time, African Americans were trying to become free from slavery. This led to a Civil War. The 1800’s were a hard time for African Americans, after the Civil War many expressed their thoughts and feelings through plays like Minstrel Shows and other forms of theatre. During this time period, America was in the middle of its Industrial Revolution. It was the beginning of the growth of the infrastructure forRead MoreThe Great Divergence : China, Europe And The Making Of The Modern World Economy Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the long time of economic history, the Industrial Revolution happened in England in the eighteenth century is definitely a turning point which triggers many scholars’ interests. Gregory Clark, the author of A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World, claims that the average person of 1800 was no better off than their remote ancestors of the Palaeolithic according to the Malthusian Trap. Then he focuses on solving three questions: Why did the Malthusian Trap persist so longRead MoreThe Rise Of The Industrial Revolution1464 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses,† said Henry Ford. The Industrial Revolution was a stage in the evolution of human society in which a lot of change was effected, not only because of all the new technology being invented, but in the structure of society. As people started to stand up for their rights and rejecting the long-standing institution of wealth determining status, the Old Regime had to adapt. France’s Constitution of 1791 had one law that classifiedRead MoreHow Did the Indsutrial Development Unite or Divide the North and the South?143 4 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Civil War, the advances of the Industrial Revolution introduced great changes in the industrial and technological development. Both the North and the South created many advances in railroad and water transportation. The Union, however, was far more advanced technologically than the Confederate states . Consequently, the North made greater and more effective use of progress in weapons, communication, transportation and medicine than South . Although the industrial development made the nationRead MoreImperialism in the 19th century1746 Words   |  7 PagesThere was a great deal of Imperialism in the 19th century, led by mostly westerners from Europe. Imperialism is the act in which one nation extends its rule over another. Imperialism had a substantial effect on the 19th century throughout the entire world by bringing upon changes to many different countries, for better and for worse, especially to Africa. Prior to the nineteenth century, westerners did interfere with many of the affairs of nations outside of their boarders, so signs of imperialism

Power, Realism And Constructivism. Hoboken Taylor And...

(450)First Annotated Bibliography: Guzzini, Stefano. 2013. Power, Realism And Constructivism. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Guzzini (2013) defines the important features of international relations theories, which define the underscoring themes of â€Å"realism† as a dominant type of political methodology for American imperialism. Realism is a theory that relies heavily on the notion of self-interested and fear-based notions of protecting national interests, which the United States has utilized through its powerful military. This international relations policy has generated a trend in post-9/11 American politics that has defined a unilateral approach to national threats on a global scale. Guzzini (2013) defines the underscoring political issues in American unilateralism that defines the realist perspective as a type of political responsibility of the United States to protect democracy around the world. This form of neo-imperialism is based on the premise that the U.S. can validate or rationalize the invasion of a non-democratic/terrorist nation without diplomatic cooperation with the UN or other na tions. These are the important aspects of Guzzini’s (2013) important evaluation of â€Å"realism† as a significant contributor to American foreign policy initiatives that involve unilateral military interventions without global multilateral participation. Meiser, Jeffrey. 2015. Power And Restraint: The Rise Of The United States, 1898--1941. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University

Global Dimension and Perspectives

Question: Discuss about the Global Dimension and Perspectives. Answer: Introduction: The lifestyle choices of Robert as mentioned in case study involves regular smoking, heavy alcoholism and manual functionality alone. The lifestyle choice of smoking contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Smoking contributes to blood pressure and heart rate increase in the body, it reduces the kidney blood flow further accelerating production of angiotensin II. Smoking also damages arteries branches and renal arteries in kidneys. Further, smoking leads to loss of kidney function (Chambers, Germain Brown, 2010). Zhang et al. (2012) indicated that smoking increases proteinuria risk, the increase of protein release in urine confirms proteinuria. In the case of Robert, large concentrations of protein are detected in his urine. Appel et al. (2010) also supported by stating that people with hypertension and diabetes preferring smoking as lifestyle choice develop CKD risk. Jha et al. (2013) stated that smoking slows down the blood flow rate to vital organs like kid ney leading to worsening of existing diseases in these organs. Another lifestyle choice of Robert is alcoholism that also directly affects kidneys of the body. Zhang et al. (2012) stated that More than four drinks/per day lead to progression of kidney disease. Regular drinking habit possesses the double risk to development of CKD in the body as well as drinking alcohol along with smoking possess five times increased risk to develop CKD compared to people who don't drink alcohol or smoke in excess. Etgen et al. (2012) indicated that kidney works to filter harmful substances of the body where alcohol is one such substance leading to harder functioning of kidney. The drying effect of alcohol damages normal kidney function as well as disrupts the hormonal regulation in the kidney. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes type-2 are considered to be risk factors for chronic kidney diseases. Jha et al. (2013) studied that 30% of type-1 DM and 50% of type-2 DM patients suffers the risk of kidney failure. The high blood sugar level in the body disturbs the filtration performed in the kidney. Excess blood sugar makes kidney filtration harder leading to protein leakage in the urine under serious conditions. The presence of protein in urine indicates kidney failure. Robert is also facing the same situation of high protein concentration in urine. Type -2 diabetes mellitus also causes small blood vessels injuries leading to improper blood cleaning in the kidney. Further, damages to nerves is another effect of type-2 diabetes that leads to difficulty in emptying the bladder supporting kidney failure because the back-up pressure in the bladder can cause major kidney injuries. Zhang et al. (2012) indicated that blood glucose, hypertension, cholesterol and BMI are major risk factors for chronic cardiovascular diseases having much-involved risk to chronic kidney diseases. Levey Coresh (2012) studied that damaged blood vessels due to cardiovascular conditions increase the risk of eye disease, kidney failure, stroke and heart attack. The fat deposition (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL) in the blood vessels due to cardiovascular diseases hinders the normal filtration process occurring in the kidney. This fat deposition increases the blood pressure leading to improper filtration in kidney glomerulus region. Further, Jha et al. (2013) indicated that in cardiovascular disease generally, the blood vessel confront injuries, blockages and damages that can lead to leakage of substance in kidney provoking kidney failure. The stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are determined by the Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR) of the patient. Basically, as per GFR rate there are five stages of chronic kidney disease as described below: - Stage 1 GFR 90ml/min Stage 2 GFR = 60 to 89ml/min Stage 3 GFR = 45 to 59ml/min Stage 4 GFR = 15 to 29ml/min Stage 5 GFR 15ml/min The GFR measurement result of Robert being 11ml/min indicates that he has entered the STAGE -5 of chronic kidney disease. This stage -5 is considered as end-stage of chronic kidney disease named as established renal failure condition. With the GFR value of 15ml/min or less the patient has surely entered the end-stage of renal failure where dialysis or kidney transplant becomes a critical requirement (Fox et al. 2012). According to Hallan et al. (2012) some of the most common symptoms of stage 5 CKD are appetite loss, headaches, weakness, vomiting or nausea, itching, swelling, muscular cramps, skin defects and pigmentation. This indicates that vomiting, nausea and tiredness are regular symptoms of stage 5 CKD, therefore, Robert was facing them as the indication of him entering stage 5 of CKD. As the result of kidneys filtration inability, there is a deposition of toxins, waste products and dirt in the blood that is named as Uremia. This Uremia leads to nausea and vomiting conditions in CKD. Uremia basically occurs only in the stage -5 of CKD. Further, the electrode imbalance in the stage -5 occurs when the kidney is not able to filter phosphate, acids and potassium from the body developing muscular weakness and hence the patient feels tiredness (Fox et al. 2012). This indicates that electrode imbalance and uremic syndrome are a reason for the appearance of nausea, vomiting and tiredness in Roberts health condition. According to Zhang et al. (2012), dialysis is usually recommended when the patient is nearing the stage -5 of CKD where the severe symptoms like uremia, pain, toxin deposition, dyspnea etc. are critically affecting the patients body. Similarly, in case of Robert, dialysis is recommended to manage his critical conditions, symptoms and consequences of the stage -5 CKD. The dialysis will manage Roberts condition by minimising his uremia, electrode imbalance and removal of waste products from his body. The dialysis will remove waste, salts, and excess of water that will minimise uremia and stop the vomiting and nausea of Robert also improve his GFR rate. Dialysis leads to a safe management of chemicals like potassium, bicarbonate, sodium etc. in the blood providing electrode imbalance in the body. In the case of Robert dialysis will help to overcome his tiredness by providing electrode imbalance initiating strength to his body (Chambers, Germain Brown, 2010). Further, Zhang et al. (2012) studied that dialysis also minimises the blood pressure, therefore, it will also help to manage the hypertension condition of Robert. Dialysis perfectly functions as artificial kidney where a special fluid containing clean water and the chemical is used to clean the waste, toxins, salts, water from the blood of the patient in a manner like normal kidney functions (Evolve Trial Investigators, 2012). In this manner dialysis will play a major role to minimise the stage -5 CKD conditions and symptoms as well as hypertension of Robert. References Chambers, E. J., Germain, M., Brown, E. (2010).Supportive care for the renal patient. Oxford University Press. Appel, L. J., Wright Jr, J. T., Greene, T., Agodoa, L. Y., Astor, B. C., Bakris, G. L., ... Gabbai, F. B. (2010). Intensive blood-pressure control in hypertensive chronic kidney disease.New England Journal of Medicine,363(10), 918-929. Etgen, T., Chonchol, M., Forstl, H., Sander, D. (2012). Chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American journal of nephrology,35(5), 474-482. Evolve Trial Investigators. (2012). Effect of cinacalcet on cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing dialysis.N Engl J Med,2012(367), 2482-2494. Fox, C. S., Matsushita, K., Woodward, M., Bilo, H. J., Chalmers, J., Heerspink, H. J. L., ... Tonelli, M. (2012). Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease in individuals with and without diabetes: a meta-analysis.The Lancet,380(9854), 1662-1673. Hallan, S. I., Matsushita, K., Sang, Y., Mahmoodi, B. K., Black, C., Ishani, A., ... Wetzels, J. F. (2012). Age and association of kidney measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease.Jama,308(22), 2349-2360. Jha, V., Garcia-Garcia, G., Iseki, K., Li, Z., Naicker, S., Plattner, B., ... Yang, C. W. (2013). Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives. The Lancet,382(9888), 260-272. Levey, A. S., Coresh, J. (2012). Chronic kidney disease.The Lancet, 379(9811), 165-180. Zhang, L., Wang, F., Wang, L., Wang, W., Liu, B., Liu, J., ... Chen, N. (2012). Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China: a cross-sectional survey.The Lancet,379(9818), 815-822.

Lingerie brands in India free essay sample

But that can be replaced with the increase in the number of malls and quality-conscious consumers. For example, Lovables growth of 20 per cent last year was sustained by new retail space. 3. Liberty The first trendy movement for both men and women was seen when Associated Apparels Pvt Ltd, producers of Liberty shirts, introduced the world famous Maiden Form bras, Jockey mens underwear and Jantzen swimwear in 1962 in India. Even today Libertina and Liberty are still one of the major players in the lingerie market. One of the leading foreign players in the Indian lingerie market is Triumph. They have a presence in 150 countries around the world and a turnover of US $2 billion with a production of over 200 million units annually, producing 6000 new fashion styles per year designed by 200 designers in 11 countries. Lately, well-known international lingerie brands Aubade from the fashion capital of France has entered in Indian market. world showing the latest trends in innerwear fashion. We will write a custom essay sample on Lingerie brands in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page New underwear fabrics with anti treatment like anti-stress, anti-smog, anti-static, anti-allergic, anti- bacterial, anti-moisture and anti-odour pamper the body. Top European products like Bruno Banani, Excellent, Schneider, Louis Feraud, Calvin Klein, Gianfranco Ferre, DKNY, La Perla, Gossard, and Schiesser are some of the brands that set their inspiration to the ultimate test. Thanks to the new outerwear performance made by designers around the world and India, lingerie is seemed with renewed fascination in India too.